Session 3: Deformation and Liquefaction of Sands, Silts, Gravels, and Clays

An Alternative Method of Measuring SPT Energy

Alex Sy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
R. G. Campanella, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

An Elastoplastic Model for Sand Liquefaction

Limin Zhang, Chengdu University of Science and Technology, China
Ting Hu, Chengdu University of Science and Technology, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

An Energy Approach in Defining Soil Liquefaction

J. Ludwig Figueroa, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Nitin Dahisaria, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Analysis of Liquefaction Hazard Due to Earthquake

Junfei Xie, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin, China
Zhaoji Shi, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Harbin, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Analysis of Liquefiable Sand Deposits Using Gravel Drains

Zhi-ying Xu, Hohai University, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Applicability of Effective Stress Analysis for the Soil-Structure System in Design Practice

Shunji Fujii, Taisei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Behavior of Fine Sand Under Cyclic Rotation of Principal Stresses Using the Hollow Cylinder Apparatus

Panos Dakoulas, Rice University, Houston, Texas
Yuanhui Sun, Rice University, Houston, Texas

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Deformation of Coarse Materials Associated with Cyclic Loadings

Jiro Kuwano, Science University of Tokyo, Japan
Shih-Chang Chen, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Dilatometer Based Liquefaction Potential of Sites in the Imperial Valley

F. Reyna, Purdue University, IN
J. L. Chameau, Purdue University, IN

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Dynamic Properties of Fine-Grained Coal Refuse

C. Robert Ullrich, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
Barry K. Thacker, ERCE, Knoxville, Tennessee
Nancy R. Roberts, ERCE, Knoxville, Tennessee

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Dynamic Properties of Soft Ground in Shanghai

H.-C. Fei, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Y.-W. Wu, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
R. D. Woods, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Dynamic Strength and Permanent Deformation of Saturated Sand

Masayuki Hyodo, Yamaguchi University, Japan
Noriyuki Yasufuku, Yamaguchi University, Japan
Hidekazu Murata, Yamaguchi University, Japan
Takeharu Konami, Yamaguchi University, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Dynamic Strength of Gravelly Soils and Its Relation to the Penetration Resistance

Y. Tanaka, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Japan
K. Kudo, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Japan
K. Kokusho, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Japan
Y. Yoshida, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Earthquake-Induced Settlement in Soft Grounds

K. Yasuhara, lbaraki University, Japan
T. Konami, Yamaguchi University, Japan
M. Hyodo, Yamaguchi University, Japan
K. Hirao, Nishinippon Institute of Technology, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Efficient Installation of Gravel Drains

Yoshiro Ono, NKK Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
Yutaka Nakajima, Konoike Construction Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Katsuhiko Ito, Konoike Construction Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Hiroshi Oishi, NKK Corporation, Yokohama, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Energy Approach for Liquefaction of Sandy and Clayey Silts

Y. L. Cao, National Research Council of Canada, Canada
K. T. Law, National Research Council of Canada, Canada

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential for an Earth Dam Site

Bhagwat V. K. Lavania, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, India
J. N. Sharma, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, India
S. Mukerjee, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, India

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Experiments on Soil Spring Constants During Liquefaction

Masakatsu Miyajima, Kanazawa University, Japan
Masaru Kitaura, Kanazawa University, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Fuzzy Multifactorial Evaluation on Liquefaction of Saturated Sandy Soil

Chang Hong, Nanjing Construction Committee, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

General Report Session 3: Deformation and Liquefaction of Sands, Silt, Gravels and Clays

R. G. Campanella, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Alex Sy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Geotechnical Damage Due to Bihar Earthquake of August 1988

Sudhir K. Jain, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
Anil K. Agrawal, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
Raghunath P. Tripathi, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Index of Shear Wave Velocity in Diluvial Gravel Samples

Shin'ya Nishio, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, Japan
Katsuyuki Tamaoki, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Influence of Liquefaction to Pile-Soil-Structure Interaction

Tadahiko Shiomi, Takenaka Corporation, Japan
Michlo Sugumoto, Takenaka Corporation, Japan
Yoshimasa Shigeno, Takenaka Corporation, Japan
Yoshio Suzuki, Takenaka Corporation, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Analysis by Multi-Surface Model

Satoshi Morio, Technical Research Institute, OKUMURA Corporation, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Analysis for Rubber Dam and Review of Case Histories of Liquefaction of Gravels

Julio E. Valera, Valera GeoConsultants, Mountain View, CA
Jon Y. Kaneshiro, Earth Sciences Associates, Palo Alto, CA

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Analysis of Sands: Some Interpretation of Seed's K_α (Sloping Ground) and K_σ (Depth) Correction Factors Using Steady State Concept

V. S. Pillai, B.C. Hydro, Vancouver, B.C., Canada

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Criterion for Sand Deposits During Earthquake

Wu Yuejin, Design Institute, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction During Two Moderate-Recent Earthquakes in India

Pramod N. Agrawal, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, India

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Fragilities for Buried Lifelines

Jose A. Pires, University of California at Irvine, CA
A. H.-S. Ang, University of California at Irvine, CA
I. Katayama, Tokyo Electric Power Services Co. Advanced Engineering Operation Center, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Ground Deformation Predicted from Laboratory Tests

Mohammed H. Baziar, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
Ricardo Dobry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Induced Permanent Ground Displacement in Niigata City

Masanori Hamada, Tokai University, Japan
Kazue Wakamatsu, Waseda University, Japan
Susumu Yasuda, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Potential Evaluation Based on Rayleigh Wave Investigation and Its Comparison with Field Behavior

Kohji Tokimatsu, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Shuji Tamura, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Shinichi Kuwayama, Takechi Engineering Co., Ltd., Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Potential of Sand Layers in Foundations of an Embankment Dam

lrfan Saeed, ACE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Liquefaction Potential Prediction by Multiple Stage Multifactorial Evaluation

Limin Zhang, Chengdu University of Science and Technology, China
Ting Hu, Chengdu University of Science and Technology, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Mechanical Characterization of the Threshold Strain in Sand Liquefaction

A. Kaddouri, CTTP Route de Birhaden-quatre, Kouba Alger, Algeria

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Pore Pressure Response During 1986 Lotung Earthquakes

C. K. Shen, University of California, Davis, CA
Zhiliang Wang, Geomatrix Consultants, San Francisco, CA
X. S. Li, University of California, Davis, CA

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Prediction of Field Sand Liquefaction Caused by Earthquake by Optimum Seeking Method

Du Jian, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Zhang Lianyang, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Prediction of Liquefaction Behaviour of Cohesionless Soils

Nakul Dev, Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi, India
Shenbaga R. Kaniraj, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Preliminary Research in Predicting Liquefaction Potential of Saturated Soil Using Vs, qc

Chang Hong, Nanjing Construction Committee, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Sand Liquefaction with Initial Pore Pressures

Hong Xia, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Semi-analytical Iteration Algorithm of Seismic Pore Pressure

Zhang Jianmin, Shaanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an, China
Xie Dingyi, Shaanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Session 3: Discussions and Replies

Multiple Authors

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Session 3: Opening Remarks

G. Castro

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Settlement Calculations of Clay Layers Induced by Earthquake

Hiroshi Matsuda, Yamaguchi University, Japan
Eiichi Hoshiyama, Yamaguchi University, Japan
Sukeo Ōhara, Ube Technical College, Yamaguchi, Japan

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Slides of River Banks Concerning Lateral Spread of Liquefaction

Huishan Liu, Central Research Institute of Building & Construction, MMI, Beijing, China
Chengchuen Wang, Earthquake Engineering Department, Tianjin, China
Lunian Wong, Geological Survey Institute, Tianjin, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Some Key Problems in Calculating Seismic Pore Water Pressure

Zhang Jianmin, Shaanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an, China
Xie Dingyi, Shaanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

The Characteristics of Residual Strength of Silt Under Liquefaction Conditions

H.-C. Fei, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
F. Lu, Nejin Architecture Design Institute, Nejin, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Twice Dynamic Consolidation — An Unusual Application in Treating Liquefiable Saturated Sandy Loam Deposits

Yihui Qiu, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
Shuju Fan, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
Weiyuan Fan, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
Melyun Shi, Taiyuan University of Technology, China

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Utilization of Cone Penetration Test to Evaluate Liquefaction Potential of Soils

Teparaksa Wanchai, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Vibrations of an Inhomogeneous Layer

Hasan Engin, Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey
M. Ertac Erguven, Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey

St. Louis, Missouri

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM