Abstract
The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and transportation electrification is encumbered by two chief barriers: i) the limited driving range of EVs in the market today and ii) inadequate charging infrastructure support. This paper aims to address the latter bottleneck and proposes a strategic multi-period coordinated planning model to optimally site and size battery energy storage system (BESS) assisted extreme fast charging stations in a highway transportation network and solar systems in a power distribution network. The proposed approach accounts for pre-existing charging stations, the increasing EV penetration levels, decreasing technology costs, and technological advancements in the future and postponing some of the investments. Through the modeling of the spatiotemporal EV charging demand, the transportation and power distribution network coupling, demand charge cost and the integration into mixed integer linear programming framework, this approach optimizes site selection and port sizing across three planning periods. The proposed multi-period planning approach can significantly outperform the conventional forward-myopic method that sequentially solves three separate single-period planning problems. Comprehensive case studies show the proposed planning approach can yield 19 % annual savings in comparison to the benchmark and offer insights to planners regarding the tradeoff between reliability and economics, importance of demand charges reduction, and influence of pre-existing charging stations.
Recommended Citation
W. u. Rehman et al., "Multi-period Coordinated Planning of XFCS in Coupled TN-PDN Networks: Integrating Demand Charge Reduction and Pre-existing Infrastructure," Etransportation, vol. 27, article no. 100521, Elsevier, Jan 2026.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2025.100521
Department(s)
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Publication Status
Full Text Access
Keywords and Phrases
Battery energy storage; Coordinated planning; Extreme fast charging; Multi-period planning; Power networks; Solar PV; Transportation networks; Utility demand charges
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
2590-1168
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2026 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
01 Jan 2026
