A Novel Cell Design of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries for Enhancing Energy and Power Performance

Abstract

The Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) is one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems considered to be suitable for a wide range of renewable energy applications. In this work, a novel cell structure is designed for VRFB, which includes embedded serpentine flow channels in a non-porous and non-brittle case. This new design eliminates end plates and gaskets to improve safety, extend life, and promote ease of assembly with fewer components than traditional VRFB cells. In particular, a key challenge of conventional graphite flow field plates in which solution penetration can occur due to an easily broken and porous structure is solved by using rigid impermeable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets with flow channels embedded in the sheets. Various tests, such as cycling and polarization measurements of a wide range of current and flow rates, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for internal resistance analysis, are performed to compare new and traditional designs. The results show that the new design keeps cycling performance stable, with better stability and energy efficiency, than conventional VRFB cells do. High power performance is also observed for the same external cell size. In addition, an abrupt potential drop caused by high contact resistance between the current collector and a porous electrode is solved by introducing a layer of the patterned graphite sheet to improve contact and electronic conductivity and, also, to function as a flow channel. Finally, an economic analysis shows that the new design not only improves battery performance, but also lowers assembly costs and facilitates assembly.

Department(s)

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Research Center/Lab(s)

Intelligent Systems Center

Second Research Center/Lab

Center for High Performance Computing Research

Comments

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Higher Committee for Education Development (HCED) in Iraq, National Science Foundation (Award No. 1610396), and the Missouri University Research Board Award (UMRB FEB2015).

Keywords and Phrases

Brittle graphite flow field; Cell structure; Embedded structure; Vanadium redox flow battery

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

0306-2619

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

01 Jul 2018

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