Abstract
We evaluate the energy levels of the deuteronium bound system, which consists of a deuteron and an antideuteron, with a special emphasis on states with nonvanishing orbital angular momenta. The excited atomic bound states of deuteronium constitute probes for the understanding of higher-order quantum electrodynamic corrections for spin-1 particles in a bound system where the typical field strength of the binding Coulomb field (at a distance of the generalized Bohr radius) exceeds Schwinger's critical field strength. For states with nonvanishing angular momenta, effects due to the internal structure of the deuteron and virtual annihilation contributions are highly suppressed. Relevant transitions are found to be in a frequency range accessible by standard laser spectroscopic techniques. We evaluate the leading and next-to-leading energy corrections of orders α3md and α4md, where α is the fine-structure constant and md is the deuteron mass, and also investigate internal-structure corrections: hadronic vacuum polarization, finite-size effects, and strong-interaction corrections.
Recommended Citation
G. S. Adkins and U. D. Jentschura, "Bound Deuteron-antideuteron System (deuteronium): Leading Radiative and Internal-structure Corrections to Bound-state Energies," Physical Review Research, vol. 7, no. 4, article no. 043300, American Physical Society, Oct 2025.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1103/zrp8-jx3w
Department(s)
Physics
Publication Status
Open Access
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
2643-1564
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Final Version
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2026 The Authors, All rights reserved.
Creative Commons Licensing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Publication Date
01 Oct 2025
