Abstract
The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) is the next-generation gamma-ray observatory, currently in an R&D phase. The experiment is expected to have a large array of water Cherenkov detectors (WCD) placed at a high elevation (> 4.4 km a.s.l.) in South America. Here we present a WCD concept with reduced surface area and height of stations comprising four PMTs at the bottom. We show that it is possible to reach an excellent gamma/hadron discrimination by analyzing the data gathered by this station with machine learning techniques. Such performance can be achieved by analyzing the shower patterns at the ground or through the PMTs signal time structure to tag muons. Moreover, it is shown that the station's performance does not depend on the array configuration (dense or sparse) nor on the shower inclination (θ< 40◦). Such a concept reduces the cost associated with the transport of massive amounts of water to high elevation sites while keeping a high physics performance. Therefore, it could be a good candidate station for SWGO, enabling to reach good sensitivities from low energies (∼ 100 GeV) up to the PeV region, covering large ground surface areas (few square km).
Recommended Citation
R. Conceição and P. Assis and F. Assunção and A. Bakalová and U. Barres de Almeida and C. R. Bom and J. Correia and A. De Angelis and L. Dias and B. S. González and A. Guillén and G. La Mura and N. Lourenço and P. Machado and S. Marques and L. Mendes and M. Pimenta and R. Shellard and B. Tome and J. Vicha and P. Abreu and A. Albert and E. O. Anguner and C. Arcaro and L. H. Arnaldi and J. C. Artega-Velazquez and P. Assis and A. Bakalova and U. Barres de Almeda and I. Batkovic and J. Bellido and E. Belmont-Moreno and F. Bisconti and A. Blanco and M. Bohacova and E. Bottacini and T. Bretz and C. Brisbois and P. Brogueira and A. M. Brown and T. Bulik and K. S. Caballero Mora and S. M. Campos and A. Chiavassa and L. Chytka and R. Conceicao and G. Consolati and J. Cotzomi Paleta and S. Dasso and A. De Angelis and C. R. Bom and E. de la Fuente and V. de Souza and D. Depaoli and G. Di Sciascio and C. O. Dib and D. Dorner and M. Doro and M. Du Vernois and T. Ergin and K. L. Fan and N. Fraija and S. Funk and J. I. Garcia and J. A. Garcia-Gonzalez and S. T. Garcia Roca and G. Giacinti and H. Goksu and B. S. Gonzalez and F. Guarino and A. Guillen and F. Haist and P. M. Hansen and J. P. Harding and J. Hinton and W. Hofmann and B. Hona and D. Hoyos and P. Huentemeyer and F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla and A. Insolia and P. Janecek and V. Joshi and B. Khelifi and S. Kunwar and G. La Mura and J. Lapington and M. R. Laspiur and F. Leitl and F. Longo and L. Lopes and R. Lopez-Coto and D. Mandat and A. G. Mariazzi and M. Mariotti and A. Marques Moraes and J. Martinez-Castro and H. Martinez-Huerta and S. May and D. G. Melo and L. F. Mendes and L. M. Mendes and T. Mineeva and A. Mitchell and S. Mohan and O. G. Morales Olivares and E. Moreno-Barbosa and L. Nellen and V. Novotny and L. Olivera-Nieto and E. Orlando and M. Pech and A. Pichel and M. Pimenta and M. Portes de Albuquerque and E. Prandini and M. S. Rado Cuchills and A. Reisenegger and B. Riville and C. D. Rho and A. C. Rovero and E. Ruiz-Velasco and G. A. Salazar and A. Sandoval and M. Santander and H. Schoorlemmer and F. Schussler and V. H. Serrano and R. C. Shellard and A. Sinha and A. J. Smith and P. Surajbali and B. Tome and I. Torres Aguilar and C. van Eldik and I. D. Vargara-Quispe and A. Viana and J. Vicha and C. F. Vigorito and X. Wang and F. Werner and R. White and M. A. Zamalloa Jara, "Gamma/hadron Discrimination Using A Small-WCD With Four PMTs," Proceedings of Science, vol. 395, article no. 707, Sissa Medialab Srl, Mar 2022.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0707
Department(s)
Physics
Publication Status
Open Access
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
1824-8039
Document Type
Article - Conference proceedings
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2025 Sissa Medialab Srl, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
18 Mar 2022
Comments
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Grant DL57/2016/cP1330/cT0002