Abstract
Fine PM0.3-2.0 rapidly penetrates the respiratory system and causes health problems. Commercial filters remove 0.3 μm particles at ∼95 % efficiency but impose high pressure drops that make breathing difficult. We fabricate a novel electrospun PVDF-Ti3C2Tx nanofiber mat for PM0.3–2.0 filtration. Where a high electric field stretched PVDF and PVDF-Ti3C2Tx solutions into ultrafine fibers that were collected as porous nanofibrous mats. PVDF was chosen for its electroactive behavior and high dielectric constant, enabling efficient electrostatic filtration. The incorporation of Ti3C2Tx MXene enhances surface charge density and interfacial polarization, strengthening particle-fiber interactions for improved submicron particulate capture. The mat delivers 99.99 % filtration efficiency at 0.3 μm with a nominal pressure drop of 14.38 Pa/cm2 and a quality factor of 0.05 Pa−1. Filtration is governed by van der Waals and enhanced dipole-dipole/induced-dipole interactions between fibers and particles. We attribute the improved performance to surface-terminating polar groups (O, OH, F) on Ti3C2Tx flakes that raise conductivity and surface potential, strengthening intermolecular forces (Si–OH, C–OH, C=O). PM0.3 adsorption rates for pure Ti3C2Tx film, PVDF nanofiber, and PVDF-Ti3C2Tx are 52 μg/cm2/h, 12.1 μg/cm2/h, and 88.8 μg/cm2/h, respectively, consistent with interaction forces of 7 nN (PVDF/PM) and 22 nN (PVDF-Ti3C2Tx/PM). SKPM mapping shows nearly uniform electrostatic profiles with surface potentials of −7.32 to −8.44 V (PVDF) and −8.93 to 9.0 V (PVDF-Ti3C2Tx). Both mats remain hydrophobic by contact-angle analysis. Overall, this first-time PVDF-Ti3C2Tx nanofiber filter matches or exceeds commercial products, offering low ΔP and high efficiency for PM0.3 removal. These results clarify capture mechanisms and support scalable use in breathable face masks.
Recommended Citation
A. Kakoria et al., "Electroactive PVDF/Ti3C2Tx MXene Functionalized Nanofiber Mats with High Surface Potential for High-efficiency Indoor & Outdoor Submicron PM(0.3-2)μm Filtration," Environmental Pollution, vol. 392, article no. 127659, Elsevier, Mar 2026.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127659
Department(s)
Mining Engineering
Publication Status
Full Text Access
Keywords and Phrases
and electrospinning; Electrostatic-interaction; MXene; Particulate matter; PVDF nanofibers; Surface potential
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
1873-6424; 0269-7491
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2026 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
01 Mar 2026
PubMed ID
41525857
Comments
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Grant 84071101