Abstract
Ambitious satellite constellation projects by commercial entities and the ease of access to space in recent times have led to a dramatic proliferation of low-Earth space traffic. It jeopardizes space safety and long-term sustainability, necessitating better space domain awareness (SDA). Correct modeling of uncertainties in force models and orbital states, among other things, is an essential part of SDA. For objects in the low-Earth orbit (LEO) region, the uncertainty in the orbital dynamics mainly emanate from limited knowledge of the atmospheric drag-related parameters and variables. In this paper, which extends the work by Paul et al. (2021), we develop a feed-forward deep neural network model for the prediction of the satellite drag coefficient for the full range of satellite attitude (i.e., satellite pitch ∈ (-90°, +90°) and satellite yaw ∈ (0°, +360°)). The model simultaneously predicts the mean and the standard deviation and is well-calibrated. We use numerically simulated physical drag coefficient data for training our neural network. The numerical simulations are carried out using the test particle Monte Carlo method using the diffuse reflection with incomplete accommodation gas-surface interaction model. Modeling is carried out for the well-known Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite. Finally, we use the Monte Carlo approach to propagate CHAMP over a three-day period under various modeling scenarios to investigate the distribution of radial, along-track, and cross-track orbital errors caused by drag coefficient uncertainty. The key takeaways of this paper are - (a) a constant drag coefficient cannot be used for reliable SDA purposes, and (b) stochastic machine learning models allow for the computation of drag coefficients in a timely manner while providing reliable uncertainty estimates.
Recommended Citation
S. N. Paul et al., "Stochastic Modeling Of Physical Drag Coefficient – Its Impact On Orbit Prediction And Space Traffic Management," Advances in Space Research, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 922 - 939, Elsevier, Aug 2023.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.06.006
Department(s)
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Publication Status
Open Access
Keywords and Phrases
Neural network; Orbit uncertainty quantification; Satellite drag coefficient
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
1879-1948; 0273-1177
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2023 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
15 Aug 2023
Comments
National Science Foundation, Grant 1726534