Abstract
Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys are promising structural materials for high temperature, irradiation, and mechanically demanding environments because their performance depends on fine and stable oxide dispersoids distributed within a metallic matrix. However, reliable fabrication remains challenging because precursor oxide nanoparticles or oxide forming species must be transformed into stable oxide dispersoids without excessive agglomeration, coarsening, contamination, or loss during processing. This review critically compares powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, and liquid metallurgy routes for ODS alloy fabrication, with emphasis on oxide evolution, microstructure control, mechanical performance, scalability, and industrial maturity. Powder metallurgy remains the most reliable route for producing fine and stable oxide dispersoids, but its cost, processing complexity, contamination risk, and geometric limitations motivate alternative approaches. Additive manufacturing expands design flexibility and can promote in situ oxide formation or redistribution during rapid solidification, but it requires strict control of oxygen activity, melt pool transport, porosity, thermal cycling, and post processing. Liquid metallurgy offers the strongest potential for large scale and lower cost production, but it remains limited by oxide wetting, density mismatch, particle agglomeration, flotation, and uncertain dispersoid retention. The central conclusion is that future progress in ODS alloy manufacturing will depend not on a single preferred route, but on integrated control of feedstock design, oxygen activity, interfacial stability, oxide dispersoid evolution, post processing, and quantitative characterization across processing scales.
Recommended Citation
E. Demir and S. M. Ha and A. Killips and G. C. Chen and Y. Chi and D. Maddumage and D. Zhang and X. Li and H. Wen and E. Lavernia, "Manufacturing Routes For Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Alloys," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 44, pp. 1672 - 1705, Elsevier, Sep 2026.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2026.08.081
Department(s)
Materials Science and Engineering
Publication Status
Open Access
Keywords and Phrases
Additive manufacturing; Liquid metallurgy; Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys; Oxide dispersoids; Powder metallurgy; Precursor oxide nanoparticles
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
2214-0697; 2238-7854
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2026 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Creative Commons Licensing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
Publication Date
01 Sep 2026
Comments
U.S. Department of Energy, Grant Project Number 24-32862