Anti-infective and Osteointegration Properties of Silicon Nitride, Poly(Ether Ether Ketone), and Titanium Implants
Abstract
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is an industrial ceramic used in spinal fusion and maxillofacial reconstruction. Maximizing bone formation and minimizing bacterial infection are desirable attributes in orthopedic implants designed to adhere to living bone. This study has compared these attributes of Si3N4 implants with implants made from two other orthopedic biomaterials, i.e. poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and titanium (Ti). Dense implants made of Si3N4, PEEK, or Ti were surgically implanted into matching rat calvarial defects. Bacterial infection was induced with an injection of 1×104Staphylococcus epidermidis. Control animals received saline only. on 3, 7, and 14 days, and 3 months post-surgery four rats per time period and material were killed, and calvariae were examined to quantify new bone formation and the presence or absence of bacteria. Quantitative evaluation of osteointegration to adjacent bone was done by measuring the resistance to implant push-out (n=8 rats each for Ti and PEEK, and n=16 rats for Si3N4. Three months after surgery in the absence of bacterial injection new bone formation around Si3N4 was ∼69%, compared with 24% and 36% for PEEK and Ti, respectively. In the presence of bacteria new bone formation for Si3N4, Ti, and PEEK was 41%, 26%, and 21%, respectively. Live bacteria were identified around PEEK (88%) and Ti (21%) implants, whereas none were present adjacent toSi3N4. Push-out strength testing demonstrated statistically superior bone growth onto Si3N4 compared with Ti and PEEK. Si3N4) bioceramic implants demonstrated superior new bone formation and resistance to bacterial infection compared with Ti and PEEK.
Recommended Citation
T. J. Webster et al., "Anti-infective and Osteointegration Properties of Silicon Nitride, Poly(Ether Ether Ketone), and Titanium Implants," Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 4447 - 4454, Elsevier, Jan 2012.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.038
Department(s)
Materials Science and Engineering
Keywords and Phrases
Animals; Anti-Infective Agents -- Pharmacology; Bone Substitutes -- Pharmacology; Ketones -- Pharmacology; Osseointegration; Polyethylene Glycols -- Pharmacology; Rats; Rats-Wistar; Silicon Compounds -- Pharmacology; Staphylococcal Infections/Prevention & Control; Staphylococcus Epidermis; Titanium -- Pharmacology
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
1742-7061
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2012 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
01 Jan 2012
Comments
This article is corrected by Erratum: Anti-Infective and Osteointegration Properties of Silicon Nitride, Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone, and Titanium Implants (Acta Biomaterialia (2012) 8 (4447-4454)) .