On the Prediction of α-Martensite Temperatures in Medium Manganese Steels
Abstract
A new composition-based method for calculating the α-martensite start temperature in medium manganese steel is presented and uses a regular solution model to accurately calculate the chemical driving force for α-martensite formation, ΔGγ→αChem. In addition, a compositional relationship for the strain energy contribution during martensitic transformation was developed using measured Young's moduli (E) reported in literature and measured values for steels produced during this investigation. An empirical relationship was developed to calculate Young's modulus using alloy composition and was used where dilatometry literature did not report Young's moduli. A comparison of the ΔGγ→αChem normalized by dividing by the product of Young's modulus, unconstrained lattice misfit squared (δ2), and molar volume (Ω) with respect to the measured α-martensite start temperatures, MαS, produced a single linear relationship for 42 alloys exhibiting either lath or plate martensite. A temperature-dependent strain energy term was then formulated as ΔGγ→αstr(J/mol)=EΩδ2(14.8 - 0.013T), which opposed the chemical driving force for α-martensite formation. MαS was determined at a temperature where ΔGγ→αChem + ΔGγ→αstr = 0. The proposed MαS model shows an extended temperature range of prediction from 170 K to 820 K (−103 °C to 547 °C). The model is then shown to corroborate alloy chemistries that exhibit two-stage athermal martensitic transformations and two-stage TRIP behavior in three previously reported medium manganese steels. In addition, the model can be used to predict the retained γ-austenite in twelve alloys, containing ε-martensite, using the difference between the calculated MεS and MαS.
Recommended Citation
D. M. Field et al., "On the Prediction of α-Martensite Temperatures in Medium Manganese Steels," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 2150 - 2163, Springer Boston, May 2017.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4020-2
Department(s)
Materials Science and Engineering
Research Center/Lab(s)
Peaslee Steel Manufacturing Research Center
Keywords and Phrases
Alloy steel; Forecasting; Manganese; Martensite; Martensitic transformations; Steel; Strain energy, Alloy compositions; Empirical relationships; Energy contribution; Linear relationships; Martensite Formation; Martensite start temperature; Regular solution model; Temperature dependent, Martensitic steel
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
1073-5623; 1543-1940
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2017 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
01 May 2017
Comments
This work was supported by the Peaslee Steel Manufacturing Research Center (PSMRC). Companies directly involved in this work include AK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Nucor Steel, and U. S. Steel. The FEI Helios NanoLab dual beam FIB was obtained with a Major Research Instrumentation grant from the National Science Foundation under contract DMR-0723128.