Mechanistic Interpretation of Ionic Azo Dye Flux Decline through Compacted Na-Montmorillonite Membrane

Abstract

The decrease in filtrate flux of ionic azo dyes through compacted Na-montmorillonite membrane can be adequately described by (i) analytical and empirically derived transport equations, (ii) solute rejection and intrinsic retention equations and (iii) X-ray diffraction. Experiments were performed using two ionic azo dyes, Orange G (7-hydroxy-8-phenlyazo-1,3- naphthalenedisulfonic acid disodium salt), a molecular biology reagent and brilliant yellow (C.I. 24890 direct yellow 4). Filtrate samples were collected using a static head setup consisting of a longitudinal flow acrylic cylinder cell through compacted Na-montmorillonite membrane. The results indicated that there was initial rapid flux reduction for the first 3 days due to surficial fouling owing to affinity of hydrophilic organic compounds rapidly getting attached to exchange sites at the dye-membrane interface before slowing down to a quasi-steady-state (5-7 days) and gradual gelation period (8-16 days) during steady-state. The ratio of flux reduction was approximately 3:5 for brilliant yellow to Orange G. The flux values were higher than mass transfer coefficients. Flux decline for the dyes followed an exponential decay described by J ∝ 1/tn, with n = 0.9556 for yellow dye and n = 0.8923 for Orange G. X-ray diffraction indicated that both the lower molecular weight Orange G (452.4 g mol-1) and higher molecular weight brilliant yellow (624.6 g mol-1) dyes are less preferentially retained within the basal spacing of Na-montmorillonite due to only a slight shift in the range 5.8-6⁰ 2θ region. The results offer a preliminary study in the fate, transport and recyclability of these ionic azo dyes through smectitic membranes.

Department(s)

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering

Keywords and Phrases

Basal Spacing; Concentration Polarization; Diffusion Coefficient; Ion Exchange; Mass Transfer; Filtration; Gelation; Membranes; Molecular Biology; Molecular Weight; Sodium; X Ray Diffraction Analysis; Na-Montmorillonite Membranes; Solute; Azo Dyes; Montmorillonite; Naphthalene Derivative; Liquid-Solid Separation

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

0376-7388

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2005 Elsevier, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

01 Nov 2005

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