Rift Kinematics during the Incipient Stages of Continental Extension: Evidence from the Nascent Okavango Rift Basin, Northwest Botswana

Abstract

High-resolution aeromagnetic data from the nascent Okavango rift in northwest Botswana provide an unprecedented view of rift kinematics during the incipient stages of continental extension. Crosscutting relationships between west-northwest-trending 180 Ma Karoo dikes and reactivated northeast-trending Proterozoic basement faults are used to document the kinematics of Cenozoic faulting during the initial stages of rifting. Depth estimates to the top of the dikes using three-dimensional Euler deconvolution solutions have produced the following interpretations. (1) The Okavango rift is a half graben with a downthrow of ∼200-300 m. (2) The width of the Okavango rift (100 ± 20 km) is similar to that of more mature continental rifts such as the Tanganyika and Baikal rifts. This suggests that the width of continental rifts is acquired early in their evolution and reflects neither the age and maturity of the rift basin, nor the amount of extension. It is suggested that the cumulative downthrow (sediment infill included) and subsidence may be a better indicator of the relative maturity of rift basins. (3) Preexisting basement faults exert a major control during rifting, and reactivation processes do not occur synchronously along the entire length of preexisting faults. (4) The Okavango rift is defined by normal faults; there is no evidence of major strike-slip faults, thus excluding a pull-apart tectonic model for this nascent continental rift stage. (5) The preexisting Sekaka shear zone terminates the Okavango rift to the south, suggesting that such shear zones represent major barriers during longitudinal propagation of rifts. This probably explains why such shear zones commonly evolve into accommodation or transfer zones during further evolution of continental rifts.

Department(s)

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering

Keywords and Phrases

Aeromagnetic Survey; Geodynamics; Geophysical Survey; Kinematics; Plate Tectonics; Rifting; Botswana; Aeromagnetics; Okavango; Rift

Geographic Coverage

Botswana

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

0091-7613

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2000 Geological Society of America (GSA), All rights reserved.

Publication Date

01 Oct 2000

Link to Full Text

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