Abstract

Bio-organic materials have garnered significant attention as sustainable candidates for non-volatile resistive switching memory (RSM) because of their specialized chemical, structural, and environmental advantages. This review presents a design-centered perspective on bio-organic RSM by outlining the key device components required for effective device engineering, including electrode materials, memristive thin films, intermediate layers, substrates, and electrical measurement strategies. Each component is discussed in detail with respect to the material properties and operational parameters that influence overall device performance, such as functional groups, interfacial interactions, and processing conditions. The review further analyses the critical roles of electrode pairing, interfacial chemistry, additive incorporation, and electrical measurement strategies, all of which strongly determine switching behavior, uniformity, and reproducibility. By critically analyzing published results and consolidating design-relevant trends, this review provides a structured framework to guide the rational development of high-performance, reliable, and environmentally sustainable bio-organic RSM technologies.

Department(s)

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Comments

Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, Grant 2554740

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

2050-7534; 2050-7526

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2026 Royal Society of Chemistry, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

23 Apr 2026

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