Abstract

The presence of buoyancy forces due to stratification has a substantial effect on the flow development and mixing processes and hence influences the distribution of pollutants and suspended matter in environmental flows such as in reservoirs, lakes, and estuaries. In this study, we focus on the implementation and testing of proposed changes that explicitly account for buoyancy effects in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of stably stratified homogeneous turbulence are used to study the parameters in two-equation RANS turbulence models such as the buoyancy parameter Cε3, and the turbulent Prandtl number Prt in the k-ε model. Both the gradient Richardson number Ri = N2/S2, where N is the Brunt-Väisälä (or buoyancy) frequency and S = du/dz is the mean shear rate, and the turbulent Froude number Frk = ε/(Nk), where ε is the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and k is the turbulent kinetic energy, are used as correlating parameters to characterize stratification in the k-ε model. We show that it may be more appropriate to use Frk as the parameter of choice for modeling the stratification parameters in the k-ε model since it is based on the local properties of the turbulence as opposed to Ri, which is a mean property of the flow. The proposed modifications were implemented in a one-dimensional water column model called the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) and used to simulate stably stratified channels flows. The results from numerical simulations using the modified k-ε model are compared to stably stratified channel flow DNS data to assess its efficacy. © 2011 ASCE.

Department(s)

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering

Keywords and Phrases

Stratified flow; Turbulence

International Standard Book Number (ISBN)

978-078441173-5

Document Type

Article - Conference proceedings

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2025 American Society of Civil Engineers, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

21 Jul 2011

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