Abstract

The rapidly expanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants demand a continuous monitoring method through portable and wearable devices. Utilizing the rich surface chemistry and high chemical-to-electrical signal conversion of 2D MXene-graphene heterostructure thin films, a field-effect-transistor (FET) sensor, which has a flexible substrate to be assembled onto the mask and combines with a Bluetooth system for wireless transmission is developed, to detect the influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses in air and breath. At first, the developed sensors are examined in the laboratory through direct contact with sensing targets in solution form. The results show a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1 fg mL−1 for recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and 125 copies mL−1 for inactivated influenza A (H1N1) virus with high specificity in differing recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and inactivated H1N1 virus. Then the sensors are tested under various simulated human breathing modes through controlled exposure to atomizer-generated aerosols in an enclosed chamber and mask coverage. The results show the high sensitivity of the developed sensors under varying distances to the source, viral load, flow rate, and enclosed conditions. At last, clinical tests are carried out to demonstrate the robustness and potential field applications of the sensors.

Department(s)

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering

Second Department

Biological Sciences

Third Department

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Publication Status

Full Access

Comments

National Science Foundation, Grant CMMI‐1930881

Keywords and Phrases

FETs; MXene-graphene; on-mask sensors; SARS-CoV-2 sensing

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

2365-709X

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2024 Wiley, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

05 Feb 2024

Download

Full Text Link

Share

 
COinS