Machine Learning: New Ideas and Tools in Environmental Science and Engineering
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the quantity and complexity of data that are being generated daily in the field of environmental science and engineering (ESE) demands accompanied advancement in data analytics. Advanced data analysis approaches, such as machine learning (ML), have become indispensable tools for revealing hidden patterns or deducing correlations for which conventional analytical methods face limitations or challenges. However, ML concepts and practices have not been widely utilized by researchers in ESE. This feature explores the potential of ML to revolutionize data analysis and modeling in the ESE field, and covers the essential knowledge needed for such applications. First, we use five examples to illustrate how ML addresses complex ESE problems. We then summarize four major types of applications of ML in ESE: making predictions; extracting feature importance; detecting anomalies; and discovering new materials or chemicals. Next, we introduce the essential knowledge required and current shortcomings in ML applications in ESE, with a focus on three important but often overlooked components when applying ML: correct model development, proper model interpretation, and sound applicability analysis. Finally, we discuss challenges and future opportunities in the application of ML tools in ESE to highlight the potential of ML in this field.
Recommended Citation
S. Zhong et al., "Machine Learning: New Ideas and Tools in Environmental Science and Engineering," Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 55, no. 19, pp. 12741 - 12754, American Chemical Society (ACS), Oct 2021.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01339
Department(s)
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering
Keywords and Phrases
Applicability Domain; Artificial Intelligence; Best Practices; Feature Importance; Machine Learning Modeling; Model Applications; Model Interpretation; Predictive Modeling
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
1520-5851; 0013-936X
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2021 American Chemical Society (ACS), All rights reserved.
Publication Date
05 Oct 2021
PubMed ID
34403250