Comparison of Standardized Sampling and Measurement Reference Systems for Aircraft Engine Non-Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions
Abstract
The International Civil Aviation Organization has established new regulatory standards for emissions certification of non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) from aircraft turbine engines. The adoption of the nvPM emissions regulatory standards required development of a standardized sampling and measurement methodology, and rigorous testing. Three reference systems for aircraft engine nvPM emissions measurement, compliant with the specifications for the standardized methodology, were independently developed. This paper reports the results of the first inter-comparison of these three reference systems using a CFM56-7B26/3 aircraft engine to establish repeatability and intermediate precision of the sampling and measurement systems as part of the multi-agency international collaborative projects: Aviation-Particle Regulatory Instrumentation Demonstration Experiment (A-PRIDE) 5/Studying, sAmpling and Measuring of aircraft ParticuLate Emissions (SAMPLE) III - SC03. The instruments used in the three reference systems recorded nvPM mass and number concentration, which were converted to their respective emission indices for comparison. The reference systems generally agreed to within 15% of the average nvPM number emission index and 30% of the average nvPM mass emission index. The only exception was for the nvPM mass instruments, which exhibited a higher variation as the concentration levels approached the limit of detection. The additional measured particle size distributions could be approximated to lognormal distributions with the geometric mean diameter ranging from 15 nm to 38 nm, and the geometric standard deviation varying between 1.53 and 1.92. The results from this study are a benchmark for the variability in standardized sampling and measurement systems for measuring aircraft engine nvPM emissions.
Recommended Citation
P. Lobo et al., "Comparison of Standardized Sampling and Measurement Reference Systems for Aircraft Engine Non-Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions," Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 145, Elsevier Ltd, Jul 2020.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105557
Department(s)
Chemistry
Second Department
Physics
Keywords and Phrases
Aircraft engines; Aviation emissions; Black carbon; Non-volatile particulate matter; Particle number; Size distributions
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
0021-8502
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
01 Jul 2020
Comments
This work was separately funded by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) , the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA) , the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) , and Transport Canada (TC) . FAA funding was provided through the Partnership for AiR Transportation for Noise and Emissions Reduction (PARTNER) – a FAA-NASA-Transport Canada-US DoD-US EPA-sponsored Center of Excellence under Grant No. 09-C-NE-MST Amendment 011. FOCA funding was provided through the project “Particulate Matter and Gas Phase Emission Measurement of Aircraft Engine Exhaust”. EASA funding was provided through Specific Contract No: SC03 Implementing Framework Contract No: EASA.2010.FC10 (SAMPLE III).