Normalization of Urinary Pteridines by Urine Specific Gravity for Early Cancer Detection

Abstract

Background: Urinary biomarkers, such as pteridines, require normalization with respect to an individual's hydration status and time since last urination. Conventional creatinine-based corrections are affected by a multitude of patient factors whereas urine specific gravity (USG) is a bulk specimen property that may better resist those same factors. We examined the performance of traditional creatinine adjustments relative to USG to six urinary pteridines in aggressive and benign breast cancers. Methods: 6-Biopterin, neopterin, pterin, 6-hydroxymethylpterin, isoxanthopterin, xanthopterin, and creatinine were analyzed in 50 urine specimens with a previously developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Creatinine and USG performance were evaluated with non-parametric Mann-Whitney hypothesis testing. Results: USG and creatinine were moderately correlated (r= 0.857) with deviations occurring in dilute and concentrated specimens. In 48 aggressive and benign breast cancers, normalization by USG significantly outperformed creatinine adjustments which marginally outperformed uncorrected pteridines in predicting pathological status. In addition, isoxanthopterin and xanthopterin were significantly higher in pathological specimens when normalized by USG. Conclusion: USG, as a bulk property, can provide better performance over creatinine-based normalizations for urinary pteridines in cancer detection applications.

Department(s)

Chemistry

Keywords and Phrases

Breast Cancer; Creatinine; Pteridine; Renal Dilution; Urine Normalization; Urine Specific Gravity; 6 Biopterin; 6 Hydroxymethylpterin; Isoxanthopterin; Neopterin; Pterin; Pterin Derivative; Tumor Marker; Unclassified Drug; Xanthopterin, Aged; Bulk Density; Cancer Diagnosis; Clinical Article; Controlled Study; Creatinine Urine Level; Early Diagnosis; Female; Human; Liquid Chromatography; Priority Journal; Renal System Parameters; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Urinalysis; Urine Density; Very Elderly

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

0009-8981

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2014 Elsevier, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

01 Aug 2014

Link to Full Text

Share

 
COinS