Abstract
Biodiesel is a promising, sustainable alternative to fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel. Currently, biodiesel can be produced from edible plant oils and non-edible sources and wastes. Notably, fish waste oil is a sustainable resource for transesterification reactions to produce biodiesel. This research proposes a general process design methodology to investigate the potential of biodiesel production from fish waste oil as a pathway for waste-to-energy. The methodology integrates Pinch Analysis principles and process simulation to optimize the energy efficiency of a process design. Real data are collected on fish waste from fish industries in Egypt, focusing on three regions in northern Egypt with a total capacity of 7.5 tons per day (t/d). The research methodology is applied to the design of a biodiesel production plant with a fish waste oil capacity of 547.5 tons/year. The production process involves a transesterification reaction using methanol and NaOH as catalysts. The annual expected yields are 495.2 tons of biodiesel and 51.4 tons of glycerol. The base design indicates total heating and cooling energies of 6889.6 kW and 11,470.1 kW, respectively, and CO2 emissions of 19,343 tons/year. An improved design using Pinch Analysis achieves substantial energy savings of 47% in heating, 69% in cooling, and, 9202 tons of CO2 cut. The novelty of the work lies in developing and applying an integrated process design and energy minimization methodology. The work provides a transferable methodology that can be applied to other wastes.
Recommended Citation
H. A. Elazab and R. H. Alazmi and A. El-Bagalaty and H. Tammam and M. El-Sayed and M. Omar and F. Shokry and M. A. Gadalla and F. H. Ashour and T. Majozi, "Sustainable Pathways For Fish Waste Oil Valorization Into Biofuel: Process Synthesis And Case Study," Sustainability Switzerland, vol. 18, no. 5, article no. 2596, MDPI, Mar 2026.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052596
Department(s)
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
Publication Status
Open Access
Keywords and Phrases
biodiesel; biofuel; pollution; waste valorization
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
2071-1050
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Final Version
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2026 The Authors, All rights reserved.
Creative Commons Licensing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Publication Date
01 Mar 2026
