Abstract
Barium nanoparticles (BaNPs), cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs), and hybrid barium-cobalt nanocomposites (BaCoNCs) were synthesized using an eco-friendly green technique with Anacardium occidentale leaf extract for sequestration of methylene blue (MB) dye and lead (Pb (II)) ions from industrial wastewater. The nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis to assess their functional groups, crystalline structure, morphology, and surface properties, confirming successful synthesis. Batch adsorption studies showed that optimal pollutant removal occurred at pH values of 8 for MB and 5 for Pb(II), with a contact time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage of 25 mg/L, initial concentration of 100 mg/L, and temperature of 30 °C. Overall, BaCoNCs outperformed BaNPs and CoNPs in adsorption, achieving maximum adsorption capacities of 487 mg/g for MB and 405 mg/g for Pb(II). Kinetic studies followed the pseudo-second-order model, while adsorption isotherm data fitted well to the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic analysis showed spontaneous and endothermic adsorption. BaCoNCs exhibited over 80 % removal efficiency after 6 reuse cycles, demonstrating their potential for sustainable wastewater treatment. Additionally, the adsorption cost was 0.47 and 0.44 US$/g for MB and Pb (II), respectively, highlighting BaCoNCs as promising candidates for scalable industrial effluent remediation.
Recommended Citation
T. C. Egbosiuba and C. C. Njoku and I. J. Ani and G. I. Ogbuehi and A. O. Yusuf and A. A. Saka and U. Ewuzie and E. E. Ezennajiego and B. O. Okafor and W. C. Anene and C. C. Unegbu and F. Acha and M. U. Okoronkwo, "Synergetic Adsorptive Mechanisms, Reusability and Cost Evaluations of Green Fabricated Hybrid Barium Cobalt Nanocomposites for Methylene Blue and Lead Removal from Wastewater," Results in Engineering, vol. 27, article no. 106469, Elsevier, Sep 2025.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106469
Department(s)
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
Publication Status
Open Access
Keywords and Phrases
Adsorption cost; Adsorption mechanism; Barium - cobalt nanocomposite; Lead ions; Methylene blue; Reusability
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
2590-1230
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Final Version
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2025 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Creative Commons Licensing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Publication Date
01 Sep 2025
Included in
Chemical Engineering Commons, Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons, Materials Chemistry Commons, Materials Science and Engineering Commons
