Incorporating Germanium Oxide into the Glass Phase of Novel Zinc/magnesium-Based GPCs Designed for Bone Void Filling: Evaluating their Physical and Mechanical Properties

Author

Basel A. Khader
Omar Rodriguez
Mark R. Towler, Missouri University of Science andtechnologyFollow

Abstract

The structural role of Germanium (Ge), when substituting for Zinc (Zn) up to 8 mol % in the 0.48SiO₂-0.12CaO-0.36ZnO-0.04MgO glass series, was investigated with respect to both the glass chemistry and also the properties of glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) manufactured from them. The Network connectivity (NC) of the glass was calculated to increase from 1.83 to 2.42 with the addition of GeO₂ (0-8 mol %). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) results confirmed an increase in the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the glass series with GeO₂ content. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed an increase in the ratio of bridging oxygens (BO) to non-bridging oxygens (NBO) with the addition of GeO₂, supporting the NC and DTA results. 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (²⁹Si MAS-NMR) determined a chemical shift from -80.3 to -83.7 ppm as the GeO₂ concentration increased. These ionomeric glasses were subsequently used as the basic components in a series of GPCs by mixing them with aqueous polyacrylic acid (PAA). The handling properties of the GPCs resulting were evaluated with respect to the increasing concentration of GeO₂ in the glass phase. It was found that the working times of these GPCs increased from 3 to 15 min, while their setting times increased from 4 to 18 min, facilitating the injectability of the Zn/Mg-GPCs through a 16-gauge needle. These Ge-Zn/Mg-GPCs were found to be injectable up to 96% within 12 min. Zn/Mg-GPCs containing GeO₂ show promise as injectable cements for use in bone void filling.

Recommended Citation

B. A. Khader et al., "Incorporating Germanium Oxide into the Glass Phase of Novel Zinc/magnesium-Based GPCs Designed for Bone Void Filling: Evaluating their Physical and Mechanical Properties," Journal of Functional Biomaterials, vol. 9, no. 3, article no. 47, MDPI, Jul 2018.

The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb9030047

Department(s)

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering

Comments

Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Grant 315694-DAN

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

2079-4983

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Final Version

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2023 The Authors, All rights reserved.

Creative Commons Licensing

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Publication Date

31 Jul 2018