Cardiovascular Neuroendocrinology
Abstract
The hypothalamus serves as an interface between circulating messengers of cardiovascular function and central nervous system pathways controlling energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine and endocrine function, and autonomic regulation. Three major classes of neurons project from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. These neurons also project to intra- and extrahypothalamic sites important in the control of social behaviors, energy homeostasis and cortical motor neurons. Neuroendocrine neurons, also parvocellular in nature, originate predominately from the medial parvocellular aspects of the nucleus and project to the median eminence, where they release their signaling molecules, mainly peptides, into the interstitial spaces adjacent to the fenestrated capillary endothelium of the portal vessels. The central melanocortin system (CMS) is defined anatomically as neurons originating in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that produce either a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a product of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) prohormone, or neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP). © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Recommended Citation
G. L. Yosten and W. K. Samson, "Cardiovascular Neuroendocrinology," Handbook of Neuroendocrinology, pp. 307 - 327, Elsevier, Dec 2012.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375097-6.10013-7
Department(s)
Biological Sciences
International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
978-012375097-6
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2025 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
01 Dec 2012
Comments
National Institutes of Health, Grant None