Escherichia coli Fumarate Reductase frdC and frdD Mutants. Identification of Amino Acid Residues Involved in Catalytic Activity with Quinones

Abstract

Escherichia coli fumarate reductase (FRD) is a four-subunit enzyme that catalyzes the terminal step in anaerobic respiration to fumarate. The hydrophobic FrdC and FrdD subunits anchor the FrdA and FrdB catalytic subunits to the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and are required for the enzyme to interact with quinones. Thirty-five single-site mutations were constructed in the FrdC and FrdD polypeptides by site-directed mutagenesis. Each mutant enzyme was characterized for its ability to catalyze quinone oxidation and reduction and to support growth of E. coli DW35 (ΔfrdABCD sdhC::kan) under selective conditions requiring functional enzyme. Replacement of FrdCE29 with Asp, Leu, Lys, or Phe had a deleterious effect both on quinol oxidase and quinone reductase activities. Substitution of FrdCH82 with Arg, Leu, Tyr, or Glu also decreased menaquinol oxidase activity, but had variable effects on the reverse reaction, the reduction of ubiquinone. Data are presented to support the hypothesis that the positive charge at FrdCH82 is required for stabilization of the quinone radical intermediate and the negative charge at FrdCE29 for deprotonation of menaquinol. Other critical amino acids identified in FrdC included Ala-32, Phe-38, Trp-86, Phe-87, and in FrdD residues Phe-57, Gln-59, Ser-60, and His- 80. The established roles of such residues in the QA and QB sites of the photosynthetic reaction center would suggest a similar type of structure operative in the FRD complex. In such a model, Glu-29, Ala-32, His-82, Trp-86 of FrdC and His-80 of FrdD are considered participants in a Q(B)-type site, and FrdD Phe-57, Gln-59, and Ser-60 components in an apolar QA-type site.

Department(s)

Biological Sciences

Sponsor(s)

United States. Veterans Administration
National Science Foundation (U.S.)
National Institutes of Health (U.S.)

Comments

This work was supported by the Veterans Administration, National Science Foundation Grant DMB 9104297, and National Institutes of Health Grant HL 16251

Keywords and Phrases

1,4 Benzoquinone; Amino Acid; Fumarate Reductase; Mutant Protein; Amino Acid Analysis; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Bacterial Growth; Cell Membrane; Enzyme Activity; Enzyme Localization; Enzyme Subunit; Escherichia coli; Gene Mutation; Nonhuman; Oxidation; Photosynthesis; Site Directed Mutagenesis; Binding Sites; Genotype; Macromolecular Systems; Models, Structural; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxidoreductases; Phenotype; Protein Structure, Secondary; Quinones; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

0021-9258;1083-351X

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 1993 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

01 Jan 1993

PubMed ID

8419359

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