Abstract

Both amorphous and crystalline silicon are ubiquitous materials for electronics, photonics, and microelectromechanical systems. On-demand control of Si crystallinity is crucial for device manufacturing and to overcome the limitations of current phase-change materials (PCM) in active photonics. Fast reversible phase transformation in silicon, however, has never been accomplished due to the notorious challenge of amorphization. It is demonstrated that nanostructured Si can function as a PCM, since it can be reversibly crystallized and amorphized under nanosecond laser irradiation with different pulse energies. Reflection probing on a single nano disk's phase transformations confirms the distinct mechanisms for crystallization and amorphization. The experimental results show that the relaxation time of undercooled silicon at 950 K is 10 ns. The phase change provides a 20% nonvolatile reflectivity modulation within 100 ns and can be repeated over 400 times. It is shown that such transformations are free of deformation upon solidification. Based on the switchable photonic properties in the visible spectrum, proof-of-concept experiments of dielectric color displays and dynamic wavefront control are shown. Therefore, nanostructured silicon is proposed as a chemically stable, deformation free, and complementary metal–oxide-semiconductor compatible (CMOS) PCM for active photonics at visible wavelengths.

Department(s)

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Publication Status

Full Access

Comments

National Science Foundation, Grant CMMI-1363392

Keywords and Phrases

lasers; phase transformation; photonics; silicon

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

1616-3028; 1616-301X

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2024 Wiley; Wiley-VCH Verlag, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

01 Apr 2020

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