Abstract

The leakage inductance of a transformer designed for a power electronic converter can drop significantly as the switching frequency is increased due to skin and proximity effects. Although the magnetic image method-Based double-2-D model can predict the low-frequency leakage inductance of a partially filled transformer with sufficient accuracy, it is inherently a frequency-independent model. While Dowell's 1-D model uses frequency-dependent relations to account for both skin and proximity effects, its accuracy is severely affected by the assumed winding geometry. in this paper, a semi-analytical hybrid model is proposed that uses superposition to combine a modified Dowell's model with the double-2-D model to predict the true leakage inductance of partially filled transformers at any given frequency. All three conductor types—round, foil, and litz wire—are modeled and analyzed. the quasi-2-D model is further investigated on a variable inductance transformer (VIT) whose winding geometry can be modified mechanically to vary its leakage inductance. with less than 5% error throughout, the semi-analytically evaluated leakage inductances are in excellent agreement with the finite element method (FEM) simulated and experimentally measured leakage inductances.

Department(s)

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Publication Status

Open Access

Comments

Vehicle Technologies Office, Grant DE-EE0008449

Keywords and Phrases

Double-2-D model; Dowell's model; Hybrid model; Image method; Leakage inductance; Partially-filled transformer

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

2772-3704

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2025 Elsevier, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

01 Jun 2023

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