Abstract

Advancing energy harvesting is crucial for the development of wearable and implantable technologies. Given the high concentration of complex fuels, such as glucose, in biological fluids, biofuel cells present a promising avenue for exploration. However, glucose fuel cells that have been published to date typically catalyze only one or two of the maximum 12 oxidation steps for glucose, resulting in low energy density. Although known multienzyme cascades, which are sequential biochemical reactions where multiple enzymes work in tandem to convert a substrate into a final product, have addressed this inefficiency, they come with several trade-offs, such as reduced power density due to poor overlapping enzyme activity, increased resistance, and limited active site accessibility. By centralizing the roles of several enzymes into a single promiscuous catalyst, it may be possible to overcome many of the challenges faced by multienzyme cascades. Here, we developed a hybrid bioanode demonstrating complete glucose oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO2), using only a robust electro-organic catalyst, 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (4-amino-TEMPO), and two suitable enzymes, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase from Sulfolobus solfataricus (ssKDGA) and oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC) from Bacillus subtilis. Our electrochemical experiments support 4-amino-TEMPO-mediated oxidations, while LC/MS and NMR of bulk electrolysis products confirm the production of catalytic intermediates and CO2. After 12 h of bulk electrolysis, our hybrid system demonstrated a 2-fold increase in current density compared to previous multienzyme cascades.

Department(s)

Chemistry

Comments

Office of Naval Research, Grant None

Keywords and Phrases

bioelectrocatalysis; biofuel cells; glucose bioanode; glucose oxidation; hybrid cascade; TEMPO

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

2155-5435

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2025 American Chemical Society, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

01 Jan 2025

Included in

Chemistry Commons

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