Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical Crystalline and Amorphous Solutes in Vials: Dynamic Multi-Dimensional Models of the Primary and Secondary Drying Stages and Qualitative Features of the Moving Interface
Abstract
Dynamic and spatially multi-dimensional mathematical models of the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical crystalline and amorphous solutes in vials, are constructed and presented in this work. The models account for the removal of free and bound water and could also provide the geometric shape of the moving interface and its position. It is proved that the temperature of the moving interface can not be constant if the flux of heat flow to the sides of the vial is not zero. It is also proved that the slope of the free surface (moving interface) at the edge of the vial is always curved downward. The numerical solution of the nonlinear partial differential equations of the models would allow model simulations that could indicate design conditions, operating conditions, and control strategies that could provide high drying rates and could lead to a series of novel experiments in freeze-drying.
Recommended Citation
R. Bruttini and A. I. Liapis, "Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical Crystalline and Amorphous Solutes in Vials: Dynamic Multi-Dimensional Models of the Primary and Secondary Drying Stages and Qualitative Features of the Moving Interface," Drying Technology: An International Journal, Taylor & Francis, Jan 1995.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1080/07373939508916942
Department(s)
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
Keywords and Phrases
Amorphous Solutes; Crystalline Solutes; Freeze-drying of Pharmaceuticals in Vials; Lyophilization of Pharmaceuticals in Vials
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 1995 Taylor & Francis, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
01 Jan 1995
