Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15% of breast cancers and lacks estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), rendering it unresponsive to hormonal or anti-HER2 therapies. Due to its poor prognosis and limited treatment options, there is an urgent need for targeted therapies. In this study, we developed highly adaptable polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-based gel nanoparticles with dual-targeting capabilities against urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and ribonucleotide reductase R2 (R2). These nanoparticles were designed to target both TNBC cells and cancer-associated stromal cells by leveraging uPA-uPAR interactions and delivering the antisense oligonucleotide GTI-2040 (GTI) against R2. The resulting dual-functional dendrimer gel nanoparticles, GDP-uPA/GTI, demonstrated good biocompatibility, with an average size of ∼16.45 nm. GDP-uPA/GTI enhanced GTI delivery by 3.4-fold in TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231) and by 4.8-fold in stromal cells (HCC2218) compared to GTI alone. It reduced R2 expression by 83.1% and induced ∼30% TNBC cell death. In a TNBC xenograft model, GDP-uPA/GTI significantly inhibited tumor growth by 50.5%. These findings highlight the unique design of the dual-functional dendrimer gel nanoparticles and their dual-targeting efficacy, demonstrating their potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC.

Department(s)

Biological Sciences

Second Department

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering

Comments

National Institutes of Health, Grant R01HL140684

Keywords and Phrases

activator receptor; confocal microscopy; nanomedicine; ribonucleotide reductase; targeted gene delivery

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

1944-8252; 1944-8244

Document Type

Article - Journal

Document Version

Citation

File Type

text

Language(s)

English

Rights

© 2025 American Chemical Society, All rights reserved.

Publication Date

11 Jun 2025

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