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| Title: | Freeze casting of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds – I. Processing and general microstructure |
| Author (s): | Fu, Qiang Rahaman, Mohamed Dogan, Fatih Bal, B. Sonny |
| Department/Lab Affiliations: | Energy Research and Development Center Materials Research Center Materials Science & Engineering University Transportation Center Virtual Reality & Rapid Prototyping Lab |
| Keywords: | biomaterials freeze casting hydroxyapatite porous ceramics scaffolds |
| Issue Date: | 2007-12-20 |
| Publisher: | John Wiley & Sons |
| Citation: | Fu, Qiang., Rahaman, Mohamed N., Dogan, Fatih., and Bal, B. Sonny. "Freeze Casting of Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds – I. Processing and General Microstructure.", Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, vol. 86B, no. 1, 2007. |
| Abstract: | Freeze casting of aqueous suspensions on a cold substrate was investigated as a method for preparing hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with unidirectional porosity. In the present paper, we report on the ability to manipulate the microstructure of freeze-cast constructs by controlling the processing parameters. Constructs prepared from aqueous suspensions (5-20 volume percent particles) on a steel substrate at -20°C had a lamellar-type microstructure, consisting of plate-like HA and unidirectional pores oriented in the direction of freezing. Sintering for 3 h at 1350°C produced constructs with dense HA lamellas, porosity of 50%, and inter-lamellar pore widths of 5-30 m. The thickness of the HA lamellas decreased but the width of the pores increased with decreasing particle concentration. Decreasing the substrate temperature from -20°C to -196°C produced a finer lamellar microstructure. The use of water-glycerol mixtures (20 wt % glycerol) as the solvent in the suspension resulted in the production of finer pores (1-10 m) and a larger number of dendritic growth connecting the HA lamellas. On the other hand, the use of water-dioxane mixtures (60 wt % dioxane) produced a cellular-type microstructure with larger pores (90-110 m). The ability to produce a uniaxial microstructure and its manipulation by controlling the processing parameters indicate the potential of the present freeze casting route for the production of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. |
| Type: | Article - Journal text |
| In Title: | Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials |
| Copyright Notice: | This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. Pre-print: author can archive; Post-print: author can archive; FULL COPYRIGHT INFORMATION: |
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| title | Freeze casting of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds – I. Processing and general microstructure |
| contributor.author | Fu, Qiang |
| contributor.author | Rahaman, Mohamed |
| contributor.author | Dogan, Fatih |
| contributor.author | Bal, B. Sonny |
| contributor.deptlab | Energy Research and Development Center |
| contributor.deptlab | Materials Research Center |
| contributor.deptlab | Materials Science & Engineering |
| contributor.deptlab | University Transportation Center |
| contributor.deptlab | Virtual Reality & Rapid Prototyping Lab |
| subject | biomaterials |
| subject | freeze casting |
| subject | hydroxyapatite |
| subject | porous ceramics |
| subject | scaffolds |
| date.issued | 2007-12-20 |
| publisher | John Wiley & Sons |
| identifier.citation | Fu, Qiang., Rahaman, Mohamed N., Dogan, Fatih., and Bal, B. Sonny. "Freeze Casting of Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds – I. Processing and General Microstructure.", Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, vol. 86B, no. 1, 2007. |
| identifier.pub.URI | |
| description.abstract | Freeze casting of aqueous suspensions on a cold substrate was investigated as a method for preparing hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with unidirectional porosity. In the present paper, we report on the ability to manipulate the microstructure of freeze-cast constructs by controlling the processing parameters. Constructs prepared from aqueous suspensions (5-20 volume percent particles) on a steel substrate at -20°C had a lamellar-type microstructure, consisting of plate-like HA and unidirectional pores oriented in the direction of freezing. Sintering for 3 h at 1350°C produced constructs with dense HA lamellas, porosity of 50%, and inter-lamellar pore widths of 5-30 m. The thickness of the HA lamellas decreased but the width of the pores increased with decreasing particle concentration. Decreasing the substrate temperature from -20°C to -196°C produced a finer lamellar microstructure. The use of water-glycerol mixtures (20 wt % glycerol) as the solvent in the suspension resulted in the production of finer pores (1-10 m) and a larger number of dendritic growth connecting the HA lamellas. On the other hand, the use of water-dioxane mixtures (60 wt % dioxane) produced a cellular-type microstructure with larger pores (90-110 m). The ability to produce a uniaxial microstructure and its manipulation by controlling the processing parameters indicate the potential of the present freeze casting route for the production of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. |
| type | Article - Journal |
| type.DCMIType | text |
| rights | This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. |
| rights | Pre-print: author can archive; Post-print: author can archive; |
| rights.URI | |
| rights.URI | |
| relation.isPartOf | Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials |
| date.available | 2008-08-06T21:21:22Z |
| identifier.persist.URI |