Hydrothermal Deposition and Characterization of Heteroepitaxial BaTiO₃ Films on SrTiO₃ and LaAlO₃ Single Crystals
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Abstract
Heteroepitaxial BaTiO3 thin films were deposited in an aqueous solution under hydrothermal conditions on single crystal substrates of (100) SrTiO3 and (012) LaAlO3. The reactants consisted of fine TiO2 particles in a strongly alkaline solution of Ba(OH)2 at a temperature of 150°C. The growth of the films was studied by atomic force microscopy, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The formation of the films occurred by nucleation of {001} faceted islands followed by three-dimensional growth of the islands to cover the substrate. Repeated hydrothermal treatment improved the film thickness and the surface coverage of the substrate at the expense of increased surface roughness. X-ray diffraction coupled with pole figure analysis showed that the films had the same in-plane and out-of-plane orientation as the substrate.
