Pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease: Role of Oxidative Stress, Amyloid-Β Peptides, Systemic Ammonia and Erythrocyte Energy Metabolism
Abstract
Aß exerts prooxidant or antioxidant effects based on the metal ion concentrations that it sequesters from the cytosol; at low metal ion concentrations, it is an antioxidant, whereas at relatively higher concentration it is a prooxidant. Thus Alzheimer disease (AD) treatment strategies based solely on the amyloid-ß clearance should be re-examined in light of the vast accumulating evidence that increased oxidative stress in the human brains is the key causative factor for AD. Accumulating evidence indicates that the reduced brain glucose availability and brain hypoxia, due to the relatively lower concentration of ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, may be associated with increased concentration of endogenous ammonia, a potential neurotoxin in the AD brains. In this review, we summarize the progress in this area, and present some of our ongoing research activities with regard to brain Amyloid-ß, systemic ammonia, erythrocyte energy metabolism and the role of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in AD pathogenesis.
Recommended Citation
E. A. Kosenko et al., "Pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease: Role of Oxidative Stress, Amyloid-Β Peptides, Systemic Ammonia and Erythrocyte Energy Metabolism," CNS and Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 112 - 119, Bentham Science Publishers, Feb 2014.
Department(s)
Chemistry
Keywords and Phrases
Alzheimer disease; Ammonia; Amyloid-ß; Erythrocyte energy metabolism; Oxidative stress
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
1871-5273
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2014 Bentham Science Publishers, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
01 Feb 2014