A Theory for the Primary and Secondary Drying Stages of the Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical Crystalline and Amorphous Solutes: Comparison Between Experimental Data and Theory
Abstract
A theory is constructed to describe quantitatively the dynamic behavior of the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical crystalline and amorphous solutes. Experimental data for the freeze-drying of cloxacillin monosodium salt and skim milk are obtained using a pilot freeze-dryer. The comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental data shows that the agreement between experiment and theory is good.
Recommended Citation
R. Bruttini and A. I. Liapis, "A Theory for the Primary and Secondary Drying Stages of the Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical Crystalline and Amorphous Solutes: Comparison Between Experimental Data and Theory," Separations Technology, Elsevier, Jul 1994.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-9618(94)80017-0
Department(s)
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
Keywords and Phrases
Amorphous Solutes; Crystalline Solutes; Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceuticals; Lyophilization of Pharmaceuticals
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 1994 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
01 Jul 1994
